>>7822470The Hui Muslim Yang Xiu (his named changed to Du Wenxiu) led the massive revolt of Hui Muslims in Yunnan province against the Qing dynasty, called the Panthay rebellion.
Du Wenxiu sought to coordinate his Panthay rebellion with he Taiping rebellion against the Qing, attempting to link up in Sichuan and attack Qing forces.
Du Wenxiu declared himself Prince (Wang) of Piingnan Guo (the pacified southern kingdom) modeled after the Taiping kingdoms name, Taiping Tian Guo (Great peace Heavenly kingdom), also using the title of Sultan Sulayman in Arabic.
Du Wenxiu declared his rebellion to be anti-Qing and anti-Manchu like the Taiping rebellion, using anti-Manchu and anti-Qing slogans calling for the destruction of the Qing dynasty and elimination of the Tartar barbarians (Manchu) and unity of Hui Muslims and Han Chinese. He called for unity between Hui Muslims, Han Chinese and the native indigenous tribal animist people of Yunnan. He appointed Han Chinese officials to positions in the Pingnan Guo government and made Confucianism the state ideology. He also declared Ming dynasty restoration to be his goal, like other rebels using the slogan of "destroy Qing revive Ming"
Du Wenxiu ordered the restoration of Ming official Hanfu caps and robes, clothing and topknot hairstyle, ordering people to cease the shaving of their forehead and wearing of the queue.
Another Hui Muslim rebel Ma Rulong operated in Yunnan and fought against the Qing but he did not declare an independent state and did not join Du Wenxiu. Ma Rulong arranged a surrender and defection to the Qing.
Qing forces led by Cen Yuying crushed the Panthay rebellion and proceeded to massacre Muslims all over Yunnan again after executing Du Wenxiu who unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide by swallowing opium.
