/his/ - History & Humanities

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Anonymous Sun 09 May 2021 04:26:58 No.11078638 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By:

>anarchism
Is this just "useful idiots: the ideology"

195 posts and 20 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 10 May 2021 00:19:18 No.11086025 Report

Quoted By: >>11086467,1

>>11086019
Did you know Franco is dead, and that PSOE, a communist party, is ruling Spain? Did you know that gay marriage, abortion, and degeneracy is openly spread in Spain now?

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 10 May 2021 00:21:11 No.11086041 Report

Quoted By: >>11086467,1

>>11086019
Did you know the biggest anarcho-syndicalist union in Spain has over 100,000 members? Did you know that Franco is dead, and that communists have ruled in Spain for decades?

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 10 May 2021 00:26:11 No.11086071 Report

Quoted By:

>>11080635
dman this dude got btfo so hard and just didn't even realize

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 10 May 2021 01:43:08 No.11086467 Report

Quoted By:

>>11086019
>Adriana Lima
Delicious
>Tibetan throat-singing
Even more delicious

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:wBFSvSPH Mon 10 May 2021 14:32:07 No.11086467,1 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>11085953
>>11086025
>>11086041
No wonder it's shit now

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Anonymous Sat 08 May 2021 05:10:10 No.11070736 View View Reply Original Report

Quoted By: >>11073847

Why was National Socialism so popular?

37 posts and 6 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 08 May 2021 15:18:39 No.11073844 Report

Quoted By: >>11073857

>>11073832
>Fuse them into one
Why do americans keep falling for this stupidity? Nazism is not a merger of nationalism and socialism, its an outgrowth of the Völkisch movement.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 08 May 2021 15:18:53 No.11073847 Report

Quoted By:

>>11070736
it wasn't. the ideas and motivation of Hitler. A large portion of Germany was Monarchist or Communist. if anyone favored national socialism it was usually due to short term benefit gained in the distribution of wealth in Germany in the 30s which eventually led to the early triggered plans of German invasion of Europe

Anonymous

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Anonymous Sat 08 May 2021 15:20:02 No.11073857 Report

Quoted By:

>>11073844
it's a joke

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 08 May 2021 15:46:06 No.11074017 Report

Quoted By:

Why did Germans think that killing millions of children in gas chambers was totally reasonable idea?

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:aHXI4ftg Mon 10 May 2021 13:14:37 No.11074017,1 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>11072540
Good. Fuck off from our countries, Fakir

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Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 13:01:12 No.11064994 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By:

Why did so many lynchings involve accusations of black men having any hint of sexual contact with a white woman? What was the rationale behind this?

241 posts and 24 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 22:16:03 No.11068415 Report

Quoted By: >>11068417

>>11068377
Terrible fetish

Anonymous

Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 22:16:33 No.11068417 Report

Quoted By:

>>11068415
Not my fetish but I was reminded of it.

Anonymous

Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 22:34:16 No.11068529 Report

Quoted By:

Slave narratives and whatnot are interesting to read.

https://pastebin.com/QxDk9wiU

Anonymous

Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 23:34:13 No.11068898 Report

Quoted By:

Sexual offenses make up only about 40% of recorded lynchings, theft and murder account for the balance. However they're certainly remembered more since the "vicious black beast brutalizes hapless white princess" kind of offense is more attention-grabbing than "black guy is lynched after shooting a cop" or "black guy is lynched for horse theft" events.

Anonymous

Anonymous Fri 07 May 2021 23:46:31 No.11068975 Report

Quoted By:

The nigger crime rate is not well reflected by statistics, because they don't snitch and protect eachother from being charged for stealing, rape and murder. They are literally ultra low IQ kikes.

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Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:00:00 No.9775280 View View Reply Original Report

Quoted By: >>9775369

This is for raiding /pol/

10 posts and 1 image omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:25:54 No.9775369 Report

Quoted By:

>>9775280
Blame /v/, /a/, /leftypol/ and /co/, they gloated about raiding /pol/ if Biden won. /his/ wants to be left alone to discuss about if anne frank would make a good confederate woman, If Lenin was insecure about his balding and why the 4th crusade was justified.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:27:13 No.9775376 Report

Quoted By:

>>9775333
defibrilaters arnt gay like cpr is

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:28:47 No.9775381 Report

Quoted By:

>>9775314
Snuff-videos are universally considered degenerate Anon. I'm sorry but I think that your ""bro's'"" from /pol/ will gladly shovel you to death.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:30:28 No.9775389 Report

Quoted By:

>>9775331
Despite pitbulls making up only 13% of the dog-population....

Anonymous

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Anonymous Sat 07 Nov 2020 12:34:53 No.9775402 Report

Quoted By:

>>9775314
youre next mudslime

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Anonymous Fri 06 Nov 2020 20:52:28 No.9772020 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By: >>9779804

he saved millions...

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Anonymous

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Anonymous Sun 08 Nov 2020 06:56:10 No.9779804 Report

Quoted By:

>>9772020
To kill billions?

Anonymous

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Anonymous Sun 08 Nov 2020 07:16:26 No.9779857 Report

Quoted By:

>>9772047

Anonymous

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Anonymous Sun 08 Nov 2020 07:20:49 No.9779864 Report

Quoted By:

>>9772047
>moors
That's problematic. Everybody knows leftist women love Moorish rape dick.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 08 Nov 2020 08:56:30 No.9780106 Report

Quoted By:

>>9777599
Big deal he sounds like a typical spic

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 08 Nov 2020 11:08:53 No.9780404 Report

Quoted By:

>>9772275
commies and anarchist did have international brigades and URSS aids

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Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 06:53:58 No.11024006 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By: >>11030409

VGHHH... WHAT COVLD'VE BEEN

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Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 03 May 2021 01:04:59 No.11030409 Report

Quoted By:

>>11024006
You would have to be a major retard to think that Germany could occupy that amount of territory without it all turning to shit, hell historically the HRE was having massive issues maintaining their Empire and keeping its borders.

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 03 May 2021 01:05:06 No.11030410 Report

Quoted By: >>11030432,1

>>11029609
What entitles London to the British? Land "belonging" to "nations" is a romantic-nationalist fantasy with no ground in reality.

Anonymous

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Anonymous Mon 03 May 2021 01:07:21 No.11030424 Report

Quoted By: >>11030432

Childhood is idolizing Hitler, growing up is realizing Mussolni was better

Anonymous

Anonymous Mon 03 May 2021 01:09:05 No.11030432 Report

Quoted By:

>>11030424
Except he fucked up Europe, if he stayed out of WW2 he wouldn't be hated as much by the European community

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:f6EVnsTS Tue 04 May 2021 09:29:47 No.11030432,1 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>11030410
Dilate

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Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 12:19:52 No.11025343 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By: >>11025808,1

How are you guys planning on celebrating V-E Day this Saturday?

59 posts and 16 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 13:21:57 No.11025649 Report

Quoted By: >>11025672

>>11025631
Your grandpa was a retard

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 13:23:47 No.11025660 Report

Quoted By:

>>11025579
instead we live in a two party state where both parties are the exact same on most issues, where our government spends more on Israel than it does on its people, where our freedoms are being restricted, where crime and drug abuse has exploded, where my people are demoralised, degenerated and at the mercy of foreign people who despise us for imagined slights

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 13:26:10 No.11025672 Report

Quoted By:

>>11025649

My grandpa was a patriot and a better man than you’ll ever be, you piece of shit Nazi scum.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 02 May 2021 13:53:39 No.11025808 Report

Quoted By:

>>11025487
large countries with plenty of resources don't NEED to invade others.
They can just economically rape smaller countries instead
Keep apologizing for interest-slavers tho friend :))

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:QddAObZy Mon 03 May 2021 14:42:50 No.11025808,1 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>11025343
Thx for making Europe a shithole

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Anonymous Sun 25 Apr 2021 07:53:34 No.10967955 View View Reply Original Report

Quoted By: >>10969846 >>10969846,1

Is it true that France committed genocide during its conquest of Algeria?

44 posts and 4 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 25 Apr 2021 12:46:16 No.10969339 Report

Quoted By:

>>10969032
>>10969013

Ah yes the eternal million of dead Algerian, which they somehow managed to compute without any records to base the calculations upon.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 25 Apr 2021 12:47:53 No.10969347 Report

Quoted By:

>>10969201
Found the small brain
The death are spread across 30 years, which involves several generations, people born during the conflict....etc
If the death had all occured in 1830 then yes it would be "1/3rd of the population", but that's not the case.
If you take in account all the people who lived in Algeria between 1830 and 1867, you have a total much greater than 3 millions.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 25 Apr 2021 12:50:33 No.10969368 Report

Quoted By:

>>10969200
Hopefully banned, shits up entire threads with pure autism.

Anonymous

Anonymous Sun 25 Apr 2021 14:38:31 No.10969846 Report

Quoted By:

>>10967955
Indeed, this is really an horrible atrocity that was comitted. Millions and Millions of natives were genocided by violence and disease. So the French were forced to import slaves from South Arabia to populate the aera.

An this is why today Algeria is full of arabs.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:Vi6vEr/3 Wed 28 Apr 2021 09:27:46 No.10969846,1 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>10967955
Payback for the Barbary slave trade

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Anonymous Thu 21 Jan 2021 10:59:11 No.10296329 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By:

Historically, what caused the chinese to develop such a collosal inferiority complex?

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Anonymous

Anonymous ID:rsaUUjiH Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:12:50 No.10297128,37 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10297128,38 >>10297128,39 >>10297128,40 >>10297128,41

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It is apparent here that Han’er, “man of Han,” means inhabitants of the Central Plains, that is, Chinese. Hanren also shows up in a discussion of Buddhism in the Weishu:
From now on, if anyone dares to serve the Hu gods by making statues of clay and bronze, they will be executed along with their entire family. Although they are said to be Hu gods, when you ask Hu people today, they say they have no such gods. This [the spread of Buddhism] all owes to those Han scoundrels of former times, Liu Yuanzhen and Lü Boqiang and their followers, who invoked the absurd sayings of those Hu beggars [i.e., Buddhists], embellished by the falsehoods of Laozi and Zhuangzi. None of it is true.40
In his study of the emergence of the ethnonym Han, Shaoyun Yang has found other evidence to suggest that Northern Wei literati were aware of this meaning of Han and that they used it in speaking about their language, that is, as Hanyu.41 Certainly this was the impression held by scholars during the Song dynasty. In Zizhi tongjian, Sima Guang refers to the wish of the Northern Wei ruler to remove the crown prince because “he is no longer like us and has taken on the qualities of the Han.” In his commentary, Hu Sanxing (1230–1302) explained to the reader, “The Xianbei called the people of the Central Country ‘Han.’”42
So it seems that the adoption of Han as a term for “the Chinese” was indeed well under way by the mid-sixth century. By virtue of these semantic shifts, Hua could also not conveniently be used by northerners to talk about Chinese in the south, so a new word, Nanren (Southerner), was introduced around this same time as a means of speaking about them.43 Southerners, on the other hand, continued to refer to themselves freely as Hua and to nomads (former nomads, really), as Yi; the term Beiren (Northerner) also emerged, but as a purely regional referent, applicable to anyone, Chinese or Särbi.44 The long life enjoyed by all these words which remained part of the Chinese political vocabulary for centuries, is testament to the fundamental divide between north and south, a divide eventually papered over by Han.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:rsaUUjiH Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:17:53 No.10297128,38 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10297128,39 >>10297128,40 >>10297128,41

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The quotation from the Weishu cited above, in particular the phrase qianshi Han ren, offers a clue as to the transformation of the term Han. One possible understanding of this phrase is that it means “a Han person of a former age,” that is, a former Han subject. However, since the figure of Liu Zhenyuan mentioned in the passage is identifiable as a Buddhist monk of the late fourth century, he was clearly not alive during the Han and therefore not a former Han subject. One is therefore led to conclude that Hanren here is an ethnic, not a political, label, an attempt by the author to draw attention to the fact that while Buddhism was originally a teaching of the Hu it was propagated by non-Hu followers such as Liu, who were manifestly Hanren, that is, Chinese. One imagines that the habit of referring to the Chinese as Hanren, “people of the Han,” remained in use in at least some circles and led to the kind of shorthand we see here, where it came to refer to latter-day descendants of former Han subjects who obviously no longer owed any political allegiance to the Han but were connected in other ways (descent, language, residence, custom) with people who had lived under the Han.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:rsaUUjiH Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:20:54 No.10297128,39 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10297128,40 >>10297128,41

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As we have few attestations of Hanren being used in this way before this time, it is difficult to know among which circles this habit may have been sustained. At a minimum, however, these citations make clear that distinguishing between Hu and Hua—or, from the point of view of the Northern Wei, distinguishing between Särbi and Han within the Hua ecumene—was everyday practice. It may have been the continuation of old practice: Just as Rum and Frank continued to be widely used in the Arab world to refer to regimes of Asia Minor and Europe, respectively, long after the demise of the Roman and Frankish empires, so Särbi people simply carried over the custom of referring to Central States people as Han.45 They did add a disrespectful twist, it seems, since the term Han’er is generally regarded as having carried pejorative connotations.46 And after all, ethnic groups often name each other in not very complimentary ways. The terminological evolution we observe in the north in the fifth and sixth centuries is, by this logic, a “natural” outcome of the intensified interaction between peoples who, on both sides, saw themselves as quite different from each other and were poised in distinctly unequal relationships. We can think of Hu (or the much more offensive Lu or Yi) as Chinese names for the Northern Other, while Han (or the less complimentary Han’er) was the Särbi name for the local Other in the Central Lands. We should also expect that the Särbi had another name, in the Särbi language, for the Chinese, which name corresponded to Han.47 Indeed, early on the need to communicate in the Chinese language may well have suggested the need to find a suitable corresponding term, with Han emerging as the most obvious choice.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:rsaUUjiH Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:24:05 No.10297128,40 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10297128,41

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Northern dominance over the centuries, and the switch by elites to exclusive use of the Chinese language, assured the rise of the ethnonym Han. But the Northern Wei attempt to reframe the discourse of “civilization” was only partially successful, and they certainly never managed to reunify the world, a task that fell to the Sui and the Tang—not coincidentally, both states that, like the Northern Wei, had strong connections to the world beyond tianxia, that is, to the northern steppe. If one can make a judgment on the basis of the use of terms in the dynastic histories, it seems that Hanren was not very widely used in the Sui. There are only three occurrences of the word in the Suishu, all clearly associated with stories from the Han period; when the meaning was “Chinese,” it seems, Hua remained the word of choice.48 Hua continued in use in the Tang and the Five Dynasties period, but Hanren in the meaning of Chinese came to be used with increasing frequency, usually in a pairing with Fan.49 This same use continued under the Song, when Ma Yongqing, writing in the early twelfth century, could simply remark, “the Yi and Di today call the Chinese ‘Han.’” 50 Yet the situation was not so simple, and Han did not stabilize nearly so quickly. Nor was it universally applied. As in earlier periods, it was at least as common to refer to people as Tangren (men of the Tang) or Songren (men of the Song) as it was to refer to them as Hanren; but when Hanren was used, it did not mean “men of the Han.” It meant “Chinese.” The tendency seems to have been to turn to this word when the subject at hand required drawing attention to ethnic or “national” distinctions that otherwise remained unsaid, whether because they were unimportant or because they were obvious.51 But beginning in the tenth century, Han took on new meanings that considerably exceeded those it had acquired up to that time. To some degree, one can characterize this as the unfolding of a bifurcated discourse, whereby on the one hand administrative exigencies prompted the assignation of the label upon new groups, usually politically defined, while on the other hand the memory of the earlier meaning of Han for “the Chinese” persisted, especially in popular usage.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:rsaUUjiH Thu 22 Apr 2021 08:05:53 No.10297128,41 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>10296450 >>10297128,1 >>10297128,2 >>10297128,3 >>10297128,4 >>10297128,5 >>10297128,6 >>10297128,7 >>10297128,8 >>10297128,9 >>10297128,10 >>10297128,11 >>10297128,12 >>10297128,13 >>10297128,14 >>10297128,15 >>10297128,16 >>10297128,17 >>10297128,18 >>10297128,19 >>10297128,20 >>10297128,21 >>10297128,22 >>10297128,23 >>10297128,24 >>10297128,25 >>10297128,26 >>10297128,27 >>10297128,28 >>10297128,29 >>10297128,30 >>10297128,31 >>10297128,32 >>10297128,33 >>10297128,34 >>10297128,35 >>10297128,36 >>10297128,37 >>10297128,38 >>10297128,39 >>10297128,40
Han Chinese genetics threads and Xianbei, Manchu and Mongol genetics.
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9469475/#9507399_1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pei_Xingjian
Pei Xingjian (Chinese: 裴行儉), courtesy name Shouyue (Chinese: 守約) was a Han Chinese Tang dynasty general and politician. He was best known for his victory over the Khan of Western Turkic Khaganate Ashina Duzhi. He was also responsible for escorting the Sasanian Persian king-in-exile Narsieh to Persia which was occupied by Arab conquerors. He dedicated most of his life to dealing with Turkic tribes in the Anxi Protectorate.[1][2]

According to his epitaph written by Zhang Yue, Pei had 2 spouses. His first wife was a Xianbei noble from Luoyang. He married his second wife after the first died. His second wife was of Turkic ethnicity.[5] This marital status of Pei made all his children only half Chinese.

Pei had 5 sons:

Pei Zhenyin, half Xianbei and the eldest son, died before his father leaving a son, Pei Canyuan.
Pei Chixuan, one of his younger sons. Had a son named Pei Guangdi.
Pei Yanxiu, one of his younger sons.
Pei Qingyuan, one of his younger sons.
Pei Guangting, half Turk. Xingjian's youngest son. Later became Chancellor of Tang.
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8078561/#q8118980_13
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8119566/#q8128869_13
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8101383/#8113948
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9505389/#9508255
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/10237836/#10240593 Japan whored its women to Han Chinese for centuries. https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9505389#p9508255 https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9190120#p9197266 https://desuarchive.org/trash/thread/34035201/#q34043055 https://desuarchive.org/trash/thread/34035288/#q34037608

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Anonymous Sun 31 Jan 2021 17:07:41 No.10361103 View View Reply Last 50 Original Report

Quoted By:

Why is China the only civilization that never fell?

72 posts and 10 images omitted

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:3xmNkSUG Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:12:23 No.10365561,40 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10365561,41 >>10365561,42 >>10365561,43 >>10365561,44

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It is apparent here that Han’er, “man of Han,” means inhabitants of the Central Plains, that is, Chinese. Hanren also shows up in a discussion of Buddhism in the Weishu:
From now on, if anyone dares to serve the Hu gods by making statues of clay and bronze, they will be executed along with their entire family. Although they are said to be Hu gods, when you ask Hu people today, they say they have no such gods. This [the spread of Buddhism] all owes to those Han scoundrels of former times, Liu Yuanzhen and Lü Boqiang and their followers, who invoked the absurd sayings of those Hu beggars [i.e., Buddhists], embellished by the falsehoods of Laozi and Zhuangzi. None of it is true.40
In his study of the emergence of the ethnonym Han, Shaoyun Yang has found other evidence to suggest that Northern Wei literati were aware of this meaning of Han and that they used it in speaking about their language, that is, as Hanyu.41 Certainly this was the impression held by scholars during the Song dynasty. In Zizhi tongjian, Sima Guang refers to the wish of the Northern Wei ruler to remove the crown prince because “he is no longer like us and has taken on the qualities of the Han.” In his commentary, Hu Sanxing (1230–1302) explained to the reader, “The Xianbei called the people of the Central Country ‘Han.’”42
So it seems that the adoption of Han as a term for “the Chinese” was indeed well under way by the mid-sixth century. By virtue of these semantic shifts, Hua could also not conveniently be used by northerners to talk about Chinese in the south, so a new word, Nanren (Southerner), was introduced around this same time as a means of speaking about them.43 Southerners, on the other hand, continued to refer to themselves freely as Hua and to nomads (former nomads, really), as Yi; the term Beiren (Northerner) also emerged, but as a purely regional referent, applicable to anyone, Chinese or Särbi.44 The long life enjoyed by all these words which remained part of the Chinese political vocabulary for centuries, is testament to the fundamental divide between north and south, a divide eventually papered over by Han.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:3xmNkSUG Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:17:34 No.10365561,41 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10365561,42 >>10365561,43 >>10365561,44

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The quotation from the Weishu cited above, in particular the phrase qianshi Han ren, offers a clue as to the transformation of the term Han. One possible understanding of this phrase is that it means “a Han person of a former age,” that is, a former Han subject. However, since the figure of Liu Zhenyuan mentioned in the passage is identifiable as a Buddhist monk of the late fourth century, he was clearly not alive during the Han and therefore not a former Han subject. One is therefore led to conclude that Hanren here is an ethnic, not a political, label, an attempt by the author to draw attention to the fact that while Buddhism was originally a teaching of the Hu it was propagated by non-Hu followers such as Liu, who were manifestly Hanren, that is, Chinese. One imagines that the habit of referring to the Chinese as Hanren, “people of the Han,” remained in use in at least some circles and led to the kind of shorthand we see here, where it came to refer to latter-day descendants of former Han subjects who obviously no longer owed any political allegiance to the Han but were connected in other ways (descent, language, residence, custom) with people who had lived under the Han.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:3xmNkSUG Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:20:34 No.10365561,42 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10365561,43 >>10365561,44

>>10363850 >>10363857 >>10365561,3 >>10365561,4 >>10365561,5 >>10365561,6 >>10365561,7 >>10365561,8 >>10365561,9 >>10365561,10 >>10365561,11 >>10365561,12 >>10365561,13 >>10365561,14 >>10365561,15 >>10365561,16 >>10365561,17 >>10365561,18 >>10365561,19 >>10365561,20 >>10365561,21 >>10365561,22 >>10365561,23 >>10365561,24 >>10365561,25 >>10365561,26 >>10365561,27 >>10365561,28 >>10365561,29 >>10365561,30 >>10365561,31 >>10365561,32 >>10365561,33 >>10365561,34 >>10365561,35 >>10365561,36 >>10365561,37 >>10365561,38 >>10365561,39 >>10365561,40 >>10365561,41
As we have few attestations of Hanren being used in this way before this time, it is difficult to know among which circles this habit may have been sustained. At a minimum, however, these citations make clear that distinguishing between Hu and Hua—or, from the point of view of the Northern Wei, distinguishing between Särbi and Han within the Hua ecumene—was everyday practice. It may have been the continuation of old practice: Just as Rum and Frank continued to be widely used in the Arab world to refer to regimes of Asia Minor and Europe, respectively, long after the demise of the Roman and Frankish empires, so Särbi people simply carried over the custom of referring to Central States people as Han.45 They did add a disrespectful twist, it seems, since the term Han’er is generally regarded as having carried pejorative connotations.46 And after all, ethnic groups often name each other in not very complimentary ways. The terminological evolution we observe in the north in the fifth and sixth centuries is, by this logic, a “natural” outcome of the intensified interaction between peoples who, on both sides, saw themselves as quite different from each other and were poised in distinctly unequal relationships. We can think of Hu (or the much more offensive Lu or Yi) as Chinese names for the Northern Other, while Han (or the less complimentary Han’er) was the Särbi name for the local Other in the Central Lands. We should also expect that the Särbi had another name, in the Särbi language, for the Chinese, which name corresponded to Han.47 Indeed, early on the need to communicate in the Chinese language may well have suggested the need to find a suitable corresponding term, with Han emerging as the most obvious choice.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:3xmNkSUG Thu 22 Apr 2021 07:23:35 No.10365561,43 Report Delete

Quoted By: >>10365561,44

>>10363850 >>10363857 >>10365561,3 >>10365561,4 >>10365561,5 >>10365561,6 >>10365561,7 >>10365561,8 >>10365561,9 >>10365561,10 >>10365561,11 >>10365561,12 >>10365561,13 >>10365561,14 >>10365561,15 >>10365561,16 >>10365561,17 >>10365561,18 >>10365561,19 >>10365561,20 >>10365561,21 >>10365561,22 >>10365561,23 >>10365561,24 >>10365561,25 >>10365561,26 >>10365561,27 >>10365561,28 >>10365561,29 >>10365561,30 >>10365561,31 >>10365561,32 >>10365561,33 >>10365561,34 >>10365561,35 >>10365561,36 >>10365561,37 >>10365561,38 >>10365561,39 >>10365561,40 >>10365561,41 >>10365561,42
Northern dominance over the centuries, and the switch by elites to exclusive use of the Chinese language, assured the rise of the ethnonym Han. But the Northern Wei attempt to reframe the discourse of “civilization” was only partially successful, and they certainly never managed to reunify the world, a task that fell to the Sui and the Tang—not coincidentally, both states that, like the Northern Wei, had strong connections to the world beyond tianxia, that is, to the northern steppe. If one can make a judgment on the basis of the use of terms in the dynastic histories, it seems that Hanren was not very widely used in the Sui. There are only three occurrences of the word in the Suishu, all clearly associated with stories from the Han period; when the meaning was “Chinese,” it seems, Hua remained the word of choice.48 Hua continued in use in the Tang and the Five Dynasties period, but Hanren in the meaning of Chinese came to be used with increasing frequency, usually in a pairing with Fan.49 This same use continued under the Song, when Ma Yongqing, writing in the early twelfth century, could simply remark, “the Yi and Di today call the Chinese ‘Han.’” 50 Yet the situation was not so simple, and Han did not stabilize nearly so quickly. Nor was it universally applied. As in earlier periods, it was at least as common to refer to people as Tangren (men of the Tang) or Songren (men of the Song) as it was to refer to them as Hanren; but when Hanren was used, it did not mean “men of the Han.” It meant “Chinese.” The tendency seems to have been to turn to this word when the subject at hand required drawing attention to ethnic or “national” distinctions that otherwise remained unsaid, whether because they were unimportant or because they were obvious.51 But beginning in the tenth century, Han took on new meanings that considerably exceeded those it had acquired up to that time. To some degree, one can characterize this as the unfolding of a bifurcated discourse, whereby on the one hand administrative exigencies prompted the assignation of the label upon new groups, usually politically defined, while on the other hand the memory of the earlier meaning of Han for “the Chinese” persisted, especially in popular usage.

Anonymous

Anonymous ID:3xmNkSUG Thu 22 Apr 2021 08:05:33 No.10365561,44 Report Delete

Quoted By:

>>10363850 >>10363857 >>10365561,3 >>10365561,4 >>10365561,5 >>10365561,6 >>10365561,7 >>10365561,8 >>10365561,9 >>10365561,10 >>10365561,11 >>10365561,12 >>10365561,13 >>10365561,14 >>10365561,15 >>10365561,16 >>10365561,17 >>10365561,18 >>10365561,19 >>10365561,20 >>10365561,21 >>10365561,22 >>10365561,23 >>10365561,24 >>10365561,25 >>10365561,26 >>10365561,27 >>10365561,28 >>10365561,29 >>10365561,30 >>10365561,31 >>10365561,32 >>10365561,33 >>10365561,34 >>10365561,35 >>10365561,36 >>10365561,37 >>10365561,38 >>10365561,39 >>10365561,40 >>10365561,41 >>10365561,42 >>10365561,43
Han Chinese genetics threads and Xianbei, Manchu and Mongol genetics.
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9469475/#9507399_1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pei_Xingjian
Pei Xingjian (Chinese: 裴行儉), courtesy name Shouyue (Chinese: 守約) was a Han Chinese Tang dynasty general and politician. He was best known for his victory over the Khan of Western Turkic Khaganate Ashina Duzhi. He was also responsible for escorting the Sasanian Persian king-in-exile Narsieh to Persia which was occupied by Arab conquerors. He dedicated most of his life to dealing with Turkic tribes in the Anxi Protectorate.[1][2]

According to his epitaph written by Zhang Yue, Pei had 2 spouses. His first wife was a Xianbei noble from Luoyang. He married his second wife after the first died. His second wife was of Turkic ethnicity.[5] This marital status of Pei made all his children only half Chinese.

Pei had 5 sons:

Pei Zhenyin, half Xianbei and the eldest son, died before his father leaving a son, Pei Canyuan.
Pei Chixuan, one of his younger sons. Had a son named Pei Guangdi.
Pei Yanxiu, one of his younger sons.
Pei Qingyuan, one of his younger sons.
Pei Guangting, half Turk. Xingjian's youngest son. Later became Chancellor of Tang.
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8078561/#q8118980_13
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8119566/#q8128869_13
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/8101383/#8113948
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9505389/#9508255
https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/10237836/#10240593 Japan whored its women to Han Chinese for centuries. https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9505389#p9508255 https://desuarchive.org/his/thread/9190120#p9197266 https://desuarchive.org/trash/thread/34035201/#q34043055 https://desuarchive.org/trash/thread/34035288/#q34037608

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