How was Ethiopia and china able to escape colonization yet india wasn't?

Should the Japanese apologize and pay reparations? Why they were not punished for the genocide of the Chinese as the Germans for the Holocaust?

Is slavery bad?

Is abortion murder? If so, why?

Mine fought in the trenches against Germany on my Canadian side, while my Great grandfather fought for the Austro-Hungarian empire. In ww2, my uncle was a naval officer, while my grandfather was in the Canadian coast guard, watching for the Japanese.

what would have the common medieval warrior painted on his shield? spear and shield was the most common form of armament, so what would they have put on their shields? looking at some illuminations, the knights and royalty obviously have their own family crests but what about the commoner? if a group of soldiers were levied by the same noble, would they perhaps paint their lords crest?

in some later works it appears that the average soldier wears uniform designs, like in pic related, if someone knows of earlier illuminations, like during the first crusades, or the time of Charlemagne that show the shield designs of common soldiers please post

Visionary or villain? Military genius or blunderer?

What's the value of studying history?

Are turks pretty much arabs? Literally every turk i see looks like an arab. Why dont they look more asian like kazakh people?